Implement a least-recently-used cache with O(1) get and put, the classic interview and systems building block.
You need a fixed-size cache that evicts the least recently used item when full, and both reads and writes must be O(1).
An LRU cache is the workhorse behind page caches, memoization, and hot-key stores; building one teaches the hash-map plus doubly-linked-list pattern.
Use this whenever bounded memory must keep the most useful entries, and expect it in systems interviews.
A language you know and comfort with hash maps and linked lists.
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